The exchange of greeting cards for holidays, birthdays, and other occasions helps to promote retail sales of gift items, and greeting cards themselves have become an important industry.

The chair of the Federal Reserve is often described as the most powerful person in the United States after the president.

The Great Migration of African Americans both influenced and was influenced by dramatic changes in the American economy during the twentieth century.

The most pervasive and sustained event ever to affect American business, the Great Depression brought about the end of the laissezfaire approach that had characterized the American business world from the nineteenth century through the 1920’s and paved the way for government intervention in business and finance.

The Granger movement worked to improve economic conditions for farmers, lobbying for the creation of railroad and warehouse commissions in several midwestern states.

In addition to its impact on the entire economy, spending by government provides attractive opportunities and subsidies for numerous businesses.

Gould became rich frombuying railroad lines and stocks at bargain prices and selling them for huge profits at a time when American financial markets were largely unregulated.

Google, the leading Internet information organization and search company in the world, is one of the fastest growing companies in the world.

Gompers emphasized organizing skilled workers in craft or trade unions and advocated for practical benefits for workers, rather than embracing the radical activism of European labor movements.

Adoption of the gold standard stabilized international currency exchange rates and enabled free trade, thereby aiding the growth of American business during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Taking its name from an 1874 novel by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, the Gilded Age was a period of rapid economic growth accompanied by a host of serious social problems and chronic economic dislocation.

Besides providing economic relief and financial benefits to returning veterans, the G.I. Bill strongly stimulated the post-World War II economy as veterans spent their government benefits on education opportunities and private housing.

Getty amassed a personal fortune exceeding $3 billion, making him one of the first billionaires in the United States and one of the richest men in the United States from the 1950’s to his death.

The techniques of genetic engineering are at the heart of biotechnology.

Throughout the twentieth century, General Motors was the epitome of American big business.

The first conglomerate in history, the General Electric Company has led the way in the development of breakthrough technologies and services that have had an impact on nearly every facet of contemporary life.

The GATT helped reopen and maintain access to foreign markets and products following more than a decade of a global depression and an accompanying decrease in exports.

The advent of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology created unprecedented opportunities to develop and market a new type of medicine.

The software and the software company that Gates created dominated the market, partly because he realized the marketing potential for his own and other software.

“Gas wars” have occurred many times throughout American history; one of the most memorable such times was during the 1970’s, when oil prices began to rise as a result of economic and political strife.

Garvey built the world’s largest activist organization for people of African descent, the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and promoted various business ventures.

More than any other single individual, Garner was responsible for the passage of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, putting an end to widespread runs on banks in the United States.

The acquisition of this territory was essential for the construction of a southern transcontinental railroad, eventually built by the Southern Pacific during the early 1880’s. It is also a land rich in copper and valuable for agriculture and grazing.

George P. Gilman and George H. Hartford had a new concept for selling tea: direct buying, eliminating all middlemen, and taking only a small profit per pound.