American business and finance have always depended on rapid and reliable communication.

The Teapot Dome scandal was a defining moment in American history that helped fuel the public’s general distrust of government and fears of corporate-governmental collusion.

The passing of the act, coupled with the maintenance of the three-pence American tea tax...

Throughout American history, taxation, either through tariffs, excise taxes, property taxes, sales taxes, or income taxes, has taken a large portion of business earnings.

During the formative years of the United States, tariffs were very important to the growth of the economy.

While protecting northern industrial interests, the tariff caused widespread economic hardship in the agricultural South...

Taiwan’s economy flourished after the Nationalists fled to the island and the United States provided economic and political support.

U.S. senator Robert A. Taft and U.S. representative Fred A. Hartley, Jr., sponsored the legislation officially known as the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 and commonly known as the Taft- Hartley Act.

On November 23, 1998, attorneys general of 46 states, who had sued five of the largest tobacco companies in the United States (Philip Morris Inc., Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., R. J. Reynolds, Lorillard Tobacco Company, and Liggett & Myers) to recover costs associated with treating smoking-related illnesses, entered into an agreement to collectively settle their claims in exchange for monetary and other relief.

Total quality management (TQM) is a management philosophy and strategy designed to involve all members of an organization in the process and responsibility for producing quality products and services.

Telephone surveys are one method market researchers use to collect information. Telephone surveys can be formal or informal and are used to interview both businesses and consumers.

Target markets are groups of buyers toward whom a business or organization directs its marketing efforts. Target markets can include groups of consumers, businesses, government, or users of services or products from nonprofit organizations.

Transfer taxes are those taxes imposed when property is transferred from one party to another. The estate tax and the gift tax are wealth-transfer taxes that combine to create the unified transfer-tax system.

Tying contracts are agreements in which a producer requires a buyer (usually a retailer) to purchase one or more other products as a condition of purchasing the product the buyer wants to acquire.

Management theorist Fredrick Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation suggests that there are two components to employee motivation in the workplace.

The Truth in Lending Act (TILA) requires lenders to provide uniform disclosure of credit terms.

A trust is a legal arrangement in which an individual (the grantor) transfers legal ownership of ASSETS to one party (the trustee) and the legal right to enjoy and benefit from those assets to a second party (the beneficiary). This arrangement is generally designed for the protection of the beneficiary, who is often a minor child or family member incapable of competently managing the assets themselves.

The theory of trickle-down economics posits that ECONOMIC GROWTH benefits all members of society, including the poor. One analogy is the idea that “a rising tide raises all ships,” suggesting that when the economy expands, everyone benefits. Logically, if economic growth benefits everyone in society, then efforts by government to stimulate economic growth are good for society.

See ADJUSTING ENTRY, TRIAL BALANCE, ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE.

Transfer payments are expenditures by government for which no goods or SERVICES are received in return. In the United States, transfer payments consist mostly of SOCIAL SECURITY, Medicare, Medicaid, UNEMPLOYMENT benefits, and other WELFARE programs.

Transaction costs are the COSTS associated with exchanges between buyers and sellers. They typically include the cost of travel, negotiation, defining and transferring property rights, and the cost of acquiring information. Consumers and businesses use markets to reduce transaction costs. Markets allow buyers and sellers to find each other, learn current prices, negotiate, and exchange goods and SERVICES.

Training and development, components of HUMAN RESOURCES, assure that an organization has employees with the appropriate knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform the necessary job duties. Training has the connotation of learning specific job skills necessary to performing the current job.

Trade shows are industry- or association-organized displays of companies’ PRODUCTs. In the United States, businesses spend billions of dollars on trade shows annually. Trade shows provide businesses with the opportunity to demonstrate and write orders for their products, provide information to DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL members, generate sales leads, build relationships, and compare products to competitors’ offerings. There are trade shows for almost every imaginable industry segment.

Trade secrets involve commercially valuable business information not generally known or readily accessible to persons normally dealing with that information. Chemical formulae are often trade secrets; customer lists that could be recreated by looking in the phone book are not generally recognized as trade secrets.