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United Mine Workers of America (UMWA)

The United Mine Workers of America has been instrumental in changing the way in which companies and workers regard each other and in improving labor relations between the groups.
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Three Mile Island accident

The nation’s worst commercial nuclear accident, the core meltdown at Three Mile Island led first to a complete halt in the construction of nuclear power plants...
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Tennessee Valley Authority

Through electric power production, agricultural advances, river improvements, land management, and social and recreational programs, the TVA has revitalized much of the Tennessee Valley.
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Teapot Dome scandal

The Teapot Dome scandal was a defining moment in American history that helped fuel the public’s general distrust of government and fears of corporate-governmental collusion.
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Standard Oil Company

The Standard Oil Company dominated the emerging oil industry in the United States between 1870 and 1911.
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John D. Rockefeller

Rockefeller created a near monopoly of the oil industry with the Standard Oil Company and established the model for philanthropic foundations.
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Public utilities

Without the basic services provided by public utilities, industrialization would not have been possible.
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Petroleum industry

The United States petroleum industry became a major factor in the country’s emergence as the world’s dominant economy and a global superpower during the twentieth century...
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

OPEC’s founding challenged the power of the “Seven Sisters,” the seven giant international petroleum companies—five of which were incorporated in the United States—that at the time dominated the production, shipping, and refining of oil outside the United States and Russia.
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Nuclear power industry

Nuclear power provides an alternative to fossil fuels for delivering electric power.
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J. Paul Getty

Getty amassed a personal fortune exceeding $3 billion, making him one of the first billionaires in the United States and one of the richest men in the United States from the 1950’s to his death.
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General Electric

The first conglomerate in history, the General Electric Company has led the way in the development of breakthrough technologies and services that have had an impact on nearly every facet of contemporary life.
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“Gas wars”

“Gas wars” have occurred many times throughout American history; one of the most memorable such times was during the 1970’s, when oil prices began to rise as a result of economic and political strife.
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Environmental movement

The environmental movement has often been criticized by business interests for hampering the growth of American business.
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Enron bankruptcy

The collapse of Enron, an energy conglomerate with reported revenues of $100 billion, is one of the largest bankruptcy and accounting fraud cases in U.S. history.
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Energy crisis of 1979

The sharp rise in prices after the Iranian Revolution, combined with the Iran-Iraq War and U.S. government actions that exacerbated the problem, produced gas lines, shortages, and dramatically higher energy prices for U.S. businesses and consumers.
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U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)

The Department of Energy is charged with developing the overall energy policy for the United States.
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Daylight saving time

Daylight saving time was instituted in the United States as an energy-saving measure to allow people to take maximum advantage of available daylight.
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Coal strike of 1902

The strike negotiations marked the first time a sitting president intervened in a strike, citing national safety as the reason.
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Coal industry

An important component of American industrial development since the early nineteenth century, coal has provided energy to industry and remained a major source of electrical power into the early twenty-first century.
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Arab oil embargo of 1973

In the fall of 1973, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) sought to increase the price of oil, because the dollar was losing value.
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Tennessee Valley Authority

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federal CORPORATION providing public power services in seven southeastern states. The TVA, created by the U.S. Congress in 1933, was part of President Franklin Roosevelt’s “New Deal” legislation designed to stimulate the U.S. economy out of the GREAT DEPRESSION.
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Public utilities

Public utilities are firms or industries regulated by government agencies (usually public-utility commissions).
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a cartel of 12 nations that seek to influence oil prices through control of the supply of oil to world markets.
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