American business: events and eras.

February 10, 2011

Hawaii annexation

February 10, 2011
Hawaii’s incorporation into the United States meant that businesses on the mainland could rely on a steady supply of low-cost sugar and profit from an expanded free-trade zone for investment and trade.
February 9, 2011

Great Migration

February 9, 2011
The Great Migration of African Americans both influenced and was influenced by dramatic changes in the American economy during the twentieth century.
February 9, 2011

Great Depression

February 9, 2011
The most pervasive and sustained event ever to affect American business, the Great Depression brought about the end of the laissezfaire approach that had characterized the American business world from the nineteenth century through the 1920’s and paved the way for government intervention in business and finance.
February 9, 2011

Granger movement

February 9, 2011
The Granger movement worked to improve economic conditions for farmers, lobbying for the creation of railroad and warehouse commissions in several midwestern states.
February 9, 2011

Gilded Age

February 9, 2011
Taking its name from an 1874 novel by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, the Gilded Age was a period of rapid economic growth accompanied by a host of serious social problems and chronic economic dislocation.
February 7, 2011

Gadsden Purchase

February 7, 2011
The acquisition of this territory was essential for the construction of a southern transcontinental railroad, eventually built by the Southern Pacific during the early 1880’s. It is also a land rich in copper and valuable for agriculture and grazing.
February 3, 2011

French and Indian War

February 3, 2011
The British victory in the French and Indian War led to greater economic opportunities for Great Britain’s North American colonies, but it ironically also helped the nation’s thirteen American colonies eventually to become independent.
January 31, 2011

Financial crisis of 2008

January 31, 2011
The crisis disrupted housing markets, mortgage markets, and finance and credit markets generally.
January 27, 2011

Farm protests

January 27, 2011
Although the population of the United States grew dramatically during the late nineteenth century, the vast expansion of land being farmed and the beginnings of mechanized agriculture soon led to overproduction and falling prices.
January 25, 2011

Enron bankruptcy

January 25, 2011
The collapse of Enron, an energy conglomerate with reported revenues of $100 billion, is one of the largest bankruptcy and accounting fraud cases in U.S. history.
January 25, 2011

Energy crisis of 1979

January 25, 2011
The sharp rise in prices after the Iranian Revolution, combined with the Iran-Iraq War and U.S. government actions that exacerbated the problem, produced gas lines, shortages, and dramatically higher energy prices for U.S. businesses and consumers.
January 20, 2011

Dust Bowl

January 20, 2011
The Dust Bowl caused hundreds of thousands of Americans to become homeless and resulted in millions of inhabitants leaving the Great Plains in search of better living conditions elsewhere.
January 19, 2011

Dot-com bubble

January 19, 2011
During the 1990’s, Internet-related businesses were viewed as a way for investors to make quick profits, and millions of dollars were pumped into nascent businesses.
January 17, 2011

Deregulation of financial institutions

January 17, 2011
Deregulation contributed to efficiency and innovation in the financial sector, but also to economic crises.
January 17, 2011

Depression of 1808-1809

January 17, 2011
The depression of 1808-1809, brought on by an embargo that cut off international markets for U.S. business, led to the development of a number of domestic industries.
January 17, 2011

Depression of 1784

January 17, 2011
The Depression of 1784 helped convince the nation that the central government created by the Articles of Confederation was too weak and that a new, stronger federal government with the power to issue currency, create tariffs, and regulate commerce was essential to national prosperity.
January 14, 2011

DDT banning

January 14, 2011
DDT’s ban signaled a new political strength for the growing environmental movement.
January 13, 2011

Cumberland Road

January 13, 2011
One of the first toll-free highways in the United States, the Cumberland Road offered Americans overland passage and access to new markets.
January 13, 2011

“Cross of Gold” speech

January 13, 2011
Attacking the gold monetary standard in favor of bimetallism, Bryan defended Western farmers and the “common man” against banks and the wealth of the Eastern United States.
January 13, 2011

Crédit Mobilier of America scandal

January 13, 2011
The Crédit Mobilier of America scandal entered the annals of American business as an example of corruption typical in post-Civil War commerce, especially in railroad construction.
January 12, 2011

Coxey’s Army

January 12, 2011
Coxey’s Army advocated the thenradical notion that the federal government should take direct responsibility for aiding in economic recovery by creating programs for the unemployed.
January 4, 2011

Coal strike of 1902

January 4, 2011
The strike negotiations marked the first time a sitting president intervened in a strike, citing national safety as the reason.
January 2, 2011

U.S. Civil War

January 2, 2011
During the U.S. Civil War, the Union government demonstrated its capacity to raise large sums of money, and it established a national currency, a national banking system, and the nation’s first income tax.
January 1, 2011

Civil Rights movement

January 1, 2011
Long after the U.S. Civil War, many African Americans were still working in lowpaying jobs that required few skills and had no opportunities for advancement.
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