Edwin H. Land (1909–1991) physicist, inventor, and manufacturer October 31, 2011

Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Land studied at Harvard, where he became interested in the physics of polarized light.

Thomas W. Lamont (1870–1948) banker October 31, 2011

Born in upstate New York, Lamont’s father was a Methodist minister.

Laissez-faire October 31, 2011

A French term meaning “allow to do,” it was transformed into an economic theory stating that business should be allowed to operate with as little government interference as possible.

Kuhn Loeb & Co. history October 24, 2011

Investment banking firm founded by two German immigrants—Abraham Kuhn and Solomon Loeb—in 1867 in New York.

K-Mart history October 24, 2011

A department store chain originally founded in 1899 by Sebastien Sperling Kresge (1867–1966), a tinware salesman, as the S. S. Kresge Co.

Kidder Peabody & Co. history October 24, 2011

A private Boston banking firm founded by Henry Kidder, Francis Peabody, and Oliver Peabody in 1865. Previously, the firm had been known as Thayer & Co., founded by John Eliot Thayer in 1824.

John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946) British economist, public servant, and writer October 24, 2011

Son of a Cambridge logician and political economist, John Maynard Keynes was educated at Eton and King’s College, Cambridge.

Joseph Patrick Kennedy (1888–1969) financier, U.S. government official, and diplomat October 24, 2011

Kennedy was the progenitor of an American political dynasty. Despite poor marks in economics, after graduating from Harvard College in 1912, Kennedy was drawn to a career in banking, serving as a Massachusetts assistant state bank examiner between 1912 and late 1913.

Henry J. Kaiser (1882–1967) businessman and entrepreneur October 24, 2011

Kaiser was born in New York in 1882. After holding a number of menial jobs, he moved to Spokane, Washington. He learned the construction business and began to bid on public works projects, first in Canada and then in the United States.

J. Walter Thompson history October 24, 2011

New York advertising agency opened in 1871 by J. Walter Thompson; it made a fortune in the ADVERTISING INDUSTRY.

Junk bonds history October 24, 2011

The term given to bonds of less than investment-grade quality.

Hugh Samuel Johnson (1882–1942) army officer, public official, and author October 24, 2011

Born on August 5, 1882, in Fort Scott, Kansas, Hugh S. Johnson was the son of Samuel L. Johnson, an attorney and rancher, and Elizabeth Mead Johnson.

Steve Jobs (1955–2011) computer designer October 24, 2011

Steven Paul Jobs was born in California in 1955 and adopted by a machinist and his accountant wife.

Investment banking history October 20, 2011

The part of banking that is concerned with securities underwriting and trading as well as other specialized financial services.

Interstate Highway Act history October 20, 2011

Technically, the name of this legislation was the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, one of a series of laws passed over a 50-year period that created the federal highway system.

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) history October 20, 2011

A federal agency established by Congress in 1887 to regulate the RAILROADS. The ICC was created by the Interstate Commerce Act.

Interstate Branching Act (1994) history October 20, 2011

A banking law passed by Congress, and the first significant change in the structure and geography of banking since the 1920s.

Internet history October 20, 2011

A computer-based communications system allowing users to communicate quickly without relying upon telephone communication.

International Harvester Company history October 20, 2011

Chicagobased manufacturer and distributor of agricultural machinery, trucks, and construction equipment.

International Business Machines (IBM) history October 20, 2011

IBM has been a worldwide leader in data processing for more than a century—first in electromechanical punched card tabulating machines, and then in digital computers and associated peripherals, software, and services.

Insurance industry history October 20, 2011

Insurance is a means of spreading risk across a large group of people.

Samuel Insull (1859–1938) utilities executive October 20, 2011

Born in London, Insull served as secretary for the London agent of Thomas A. EDISON until 1881.

Industrial Revolution in the United States history October 18, 2011

Manufacture is the process of physically transforming raw materials, semifinished goods, or subassemblies into product(s) with higher value.

Income tax history October 18, 2011

While a number of states and municipalities experimented with an income tax throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, the first federal income tax in the United States was not instituted until the Civil War, as a direct response to the national war emergency.

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Index A-Z

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